King Sanakhte

King Sanakhte (Third Dynasty)

   §  Sanakhte (Nebka) (Strong protection).

   §  Ruling from 2686 to 2667 B.C. (19 years).

   §  Sanakhte became king by marrying a daughter of Khasekhemwy.

   §  There is a mastaba at Abydos.

   §  This is also possibly his grave.

Sanakhte

King Djoser

King Djoser (Third Dynasty)

   §  Djoser (Netjerikhet) meaning (body of the gods).

   §  Ruled Egypt 29 years.

   §  Djoser Statue is the oldest known statue.

   §  He built the Step Pyramid at Saqqara.

 

King Djoser Egyptian Museum Cairo

King Sekhemkhet

King Sekhemkhet (Third Dynasty)

   §  Sekhmekhet ruled from 2648 to 2640 B.C. (8 years).

   §  His name is carved on a cliff near (Al-Maghara Valley) in Sinai.

   §  The king has an unfinished pyramid at Saqqara.

Sekhemkhet

Step Pyramid

Pyramids 1

Step Pyramid (Djoser)

    §  Djoser who commissioned the building of the Step Pyramid at Saqqara and the temple complex 

               surrounding it.

    §  This is the first building made of stone.

    §  Architect who planned and constructed the first stone buildings in the world (Imhotep).

    §  The Pyramid of Djoser built for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser.

    §  The step pyramid consisted of six mastabas. 62 meters tall. The base about 109 meters X 125 meters.

 

Step Pyramid Djoser

Step Pyramid Djoser Google Earth

Sekhmekhet unfinished pyramid

    §  Sekhmekhet unfinished pyramid at Saqqara.

    §  It may have been designed by Imhotep, who was active after Zoser's death.

Sekhmekhet unfinished pyramid

Layer pyramid

    §  Layer Pyramid (King Khaba) in Zawyet El-Aryan.

    §  It was left unfinished at an early stage

    §  Height 20m (unfinished), base 84m.

Layer Pyramid

Layer Pyramid Google Earth

Maidum pyramid

    §  King Huni built a pyramid at Meidum.

    §  The Maidum Pyramid is a big step forward for pyramid builders.

Maidum Pyramid

Maidum Pyramid Google Earth

Red pyramid

    §  Red Pyramid at Dahshur (King Sneferu).

    §  Red Pyramid takes this name from the red limestone.

    §  Pyramid height 104m, base 220 m.

Red Pyramid 

Red Pyramid Google Earth

Bent pyramid

    §  Bent Pyramid at Dahshur (King Sneferu).

    §  Pyramid height 101m, base 188 m.

Bent Pyramid

Bent Pyramid Google Earth

Great pyramid

    §  Great Pyramid is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza.

    §  It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

    §  Khufu Pyramid is the only one still intact.

    §  Great Pyramid was the tallest structure in the world for over 3,800 years.

    §  Height 146m, long on each side 240m.

    §  Pyramid consists of 2,300,000 blocks of stone, each averaging 2 1/2 tons in weight.

Great Pyramid

Great Pyramid

Great Pyramid (Google Earth)

Djedefre pyramid

    §  Djedefre Pyramid. 8km north of Giza near of Abu Rawash.

    §  The pyramid itself has a massive 49m channel cut into the bedrock to a 20m deep shaft.

Djedefre Pyrarmid

Djedefre Pyrarmid (Google Earth)

Khafre pyramid

Khafre pyramid

    §  The Pyramid of Khafre is beside the Great Pyramid of Khufu.

    §  Height 136 meters, base 215 meters.

    §  Weight of stones about 4,880,000 tons.

Khafre's Pyramid

Khafre's Pyramid (Google Earth)

Menkaure pyramid

Menkaure pyramid

    §  Menkaure's Pyramid is the smallest Pyramids of Giza.

    §  It was built to be the tomb of the Pharaoh Menkaure.

    §  Height is 67 meters. Length is 61 meters. Base is 108 meters.

Menkaure Pyramid

Menkaure Pyramid (Google Earth)

King Narmer

King Narmer (First Dynasty)

    §  The first king (3150 BC).

    §  Securing the country's borders.

    §  Developing of Trade between Egypt and Sudan.

    §  flourishing of agriculture, industry and trade,

    §  The first river fleet.

Narmer  

King Menes

 

 King Menes (First Dynasty)

    §  Some sources say he was the son of Narmer while others say he was Narmer.

    §  The first king to unify Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom.

    §  He sent ambassadors to Canaan and Byblos in Phoenicia.

    §  Establish peaceful commercial trade links.

    §  He killed by a hippopotamus or by crocodiles.

    §  He buried at Saqqara.

Menes 

King Hor-Aha

King Hor-Aha (First Dynasty)

    §  Founder of the city of Memphis

    §  First king of the 1st Dynasty at Memphis 2920 B.C.

    §  Built a dike to reroute a branch of the Nile.

    §  Buried at Saqqara.

Hor-Aha

King Djer

King Djer (First Dynasty)

    §  His name was found in an inscription on the Wadi Halfa.

    §  He probably fought several battles against the Libyans in the Nile delta.

    §  Djer's wife was Queen Herneith.

    §  Buried in Abydos.

Djer

King Djet

Djer

King Djet (First Dynasty)

    §  (Wadji-Djet) (Horus-Snake) (cobra).

    §  His reign 11 years.

    §  Little is known about his reign.

    §  His limestone stela was found near Abydos.

    §  Buried near Abydos.

Djet

Queen Merneith

Queen Merneith (First Dynasty)

    §  Merneith’s name means (Beloved by Neith).

    §  Queen Merneith she is the first woman in the history of ancient Egypt.

    §  Merneith Tomb at Abydos.

    §  Monument dedicated at Saqqara.

    §  A stela made of stone at the her tomb.

Merneith

King Den

 King Den (First Dynasty)

    §  King Den since the king revived power in Egypt as an baby.

    §  His reign 50 years.

    §  Adopted the double crown to underline his dual kingship over the two countries.

    §  Den’s Tomb at Abydos applies lot granite.

Den

King Anedjib

Den

King Anedjib (First Dynasty)

    §  Anedjib name means (Safe Is His Heart).

    §  His reign 14 years.

    §  He kept Memphis as his capitol city.

    §  He carried the symbols of both Upper and Lower Egypt.

    §  His wife, Queen Betrest, was the mother of King Semerkhet.

    §  Anedjib built a tomb at Abydos.

Anedji

King Semerkhet

Anedjib

King Semerkhet (First Dynasty)

    §  Semerkhet name means (thoughtful friend).

    §  We know very little about his reign.

    §  His mother was named Batirytes.

    §  His reign 18 years.

    §  He was interred in Tomb at Umm el-Qa'ab, near Abydos.

Semerkhet

King Khasekhemwy

King Khasekhemwy (Second Dynasty)

   §  Khasekhemwy his name means (The Two Powerful Ones Appear).

   §  Little is known about him.

   §  He led several significant military campaigns.

   §  He built several monuments.

Khasekhemwy Statue Egyptian Museum Cairo

King Sekhemi

King Sekhemi – Perenmaat (Second Dynasty)

   §  Sekhemi - Perenmaat was a king who ruled Lower Egypt.

   §  At the same time that Peribsen ruled Upper Egypt.

Sekhemi - Perenmaat 

King Seth

King Seth – Peribsen (Second Dynasty)

   §  Seth-Peribsen ruled for 17 years

   §  He was buried in Umm el-Qa'ab at Abydos.

   §  His burial stelae (in the British Museum) show a Seth-creature rather than the more common Horus.

Seth - Peribsen

King Senedj

King Senedj (Second Dynasty)

   §  Senedj ruled for 20 years.

   §  When Senedj was in power Egypt was probably divided once again into its southern and northern parts.

   §  His tomb has not as yet been identified.

Senedj

King Nynetjer

Raneb Stela Metropolitan Museum

King Nynetjer (Second Dynasty)

   §  Nynetjer his capital (Memphis).

   §  He ruled ancient Egypt for almost 40 years.

   §  Traces of Nynetjer are found with mud sealing at Saqqara.

   §  The end of his reign seems to have been marked by poor harvests, internal tension, and possibly even civil 

            war.

   §  His name has been found on inscriptions from a number of mastaba tombs in Saqqara, Giza, Helwan and 

            Abydos.

Nynetjer 

King Raneb

King Raneb (Second Dynasty)

   §  There is little information about Raneb.

   §  Raneb (Ra is Lord) reigned for 39 years.

   §  He is one of the first kings to incorporate the sun god's name.

Raneb Stela Metropolitan Museum

King Hotepsekhemwy

King Hotepsekhemwy (Second Dynasty)

   §  Hotepsekhemwy was the first king of the Second dynasty of Egypt.

   §  His name means (Pleasing in Powers).

   §  Little is known about his reign.

   §  He buried at Saqqara.

Hotepsekhemwy