Sultanate of Egypt

Main article: Sultanate of Egypt
Further information: Egyptian Expeditionary Force and Sinai and Palestine Campaign

In 1914 as a result of the declaration of war with the Ottoman Empire, of which Egypt was nominally a part, Britain declared a Protectorate over Egypt and deposed the Khedive, replacing him with a family member who was made Sultan of Egypt by the British. A group known as the Wafd Delegation attended the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 to demand Egypt's independence. Included in the group was political leader, Saad Zaghlul, who would later become Prime Minister. When the group was arrested and deported to the island of Malta, a huge uprising occurred in Egypt.
Female nationalists demonstrating in Cairo, 1919.

From March to April 1919, there were mass demonstrations that became uprisings. This is known in Egypt as the 1919 Revolution. Almost daily demonstrations and unrest continued throughout Egypt for the remainder of the Spring. To the surprise of the British authorities, Egyptian women also demonstrated, led by Huda Sha‘rawi (1879–1947), who would become the leading feminist voice in Egypt in the first half of the twentieth century. The first women’s demonstration was held on Sunday, March 16, 1919, and was followed by yet another one on Thursday, March 20, 1919. Egyptian women would continue to play an important and increasingly public nationalist role throughout the spring and summer of 1919 and beyond.[4] British suppression of the anticolonial riots led to the death of some 800 people. In November 1919, the Milner Commission was sent to Egypt by the British to attempt to resolve the situation. In 1920, Lord Milner submitted his report to Lord Curzon, the British Foreign Secretary, recommending that the protectorate should be replaced by a treaty of alliance. As a result, Curzon agreed to receive an Egyptian mission headed by Zaghlul and Adli Pasha to discuss the proposals. The mission arrived in London in June 1920 and the agreement was concluded in August 1920. In February 1921, the British Parliament approved the agreement and Egypt was asked to send another mission to London with full powers to conclude a definitive treaty. Adli Pasha led this mission, which arrived in June 1921. However, the Dominion delegates at the 1921 Imperial Conference had stressed the importance of maintaining control over the Suez Canal Zone and Curzon could not persuade his Cabinet colleagues to agree to any terms that Adli Pasha was prepared to accept. The mission returned to Egypt in disgust.

Zahi Hawass, director of the Egyptian Antiquities

Zahi Hawass, director of the Egyptian Antiquities: Antiquities rustlers sell World
of Museums


Many reasons make me think there is room blood secret
Ahmed Osman
Dr. Zahi Hawass is the first effects of Egyptian men who had gained an international reputation and has several books in English and the activities and aspirations of the private is not directly related to body effects. As he always raises controversy and debate especially about the Great Pyramid and the secrets of the builders of the pyramids. While some believed spiritual and amateur science fiction gallery of the existence of records that contains the secrets of the lost civilization of Atlantis inside the pyramid, Hawass insisted that the pyramid is 100% Egyptian industry has nothing to do other civilizations. After 15 years of work on the Giza Plateau next to Al-Ahram, which has become a beloved Hawass, secretary-general of the Egyptian monuments. «Middle East» met with Dr. Hawass in his office amid Abbasia files and queue waiting with him and had the following dialogue:

* Do you find a conflict between your personal interests and your job as an administrator for the effects?

The two complement each other, I write in or leave at night, will be issued to me in August this month «August» books in English and I have a book next year on the Fourth Dynasty «builders of the pyramids» and a children's book .. I try and service effects through my public profile.

* Took over responsibility for the impacts in a difficult time, the police revealed the presence of organized gangs The Egyptian antiquities theft and smuggling out of the country to sell. What do you believe is the cause of this problem?

The main problem that you are (responsible for the effects intended by him) do not organize your home well so no one can steal. Second, you do not need seriously to be afraid of people abroad who are stealing effects. In fact, can be a theft of the effects that you get now is a coverage «thefts of older» .. It is not theft, because people are stealing effects set in thirty years. There are gangs found out our monuments to the outside, and there was a gang involving Egyptian and American and English fans have been seized in a decade. The gang that was caught recently and includes police officers, archaeologists and citizens, they are a huge gang headed by Souissi and those caught something very important and healthy sign.

At the same time the second measure, which we have done is enable us to obtain information, when we created the Department of Antiquities and refunds We were deployed abroad, and we sent letters to every director of a museum in the world and tell them that the director of the University of buying a stolen piece of the effects will not deal with him. Indeed, we have stopped dealing Scientific us Nicholas Reeves of Britain (Reeves was responsible for the research project on the graves kings of el-Amarna in the Valley of the Kings his recent book on «Akhenaten Prophet Egypt false») for his collaboration with Schultz (the defendant in handling the effects of stolen) in America and Veldong (Director of the Museum Berlin) and his wife, they were uncovered in the case of encouraging the work of excavation by stealth in order to get the effects of non-registered and are not known and placed in a museum in Berlin without the knowledge of one. Veldong and this has in his museum is the Museum of Munich and the Louvre Museum in Paris is very important relics of the Middle Kingdom to the statues of kings stolen from the Fayoum in 1985.

* You are this way, trying to prevent museums from buying stolen antiquities, but work for the collector?

The main point now is the effects of trade wherein the largest museums of payment. The holdings were in the past is important, but now its importance few. Everyone has a special group Private Collection began afraid. All those who are buying now are buying for the museums. We have cooperated with the United States and we have information about those who steal antiquities. We started watching. We give this information to the security services, we use the law to imprison Schultz in the United States or restore the head of Amenhotep III from London. When people heard we started to recover the stolen antiquities responded. There is a lady in Switzerland has a statue stolen. Out of the store in the Temple of Karnak Gardjath. Restored more than seventy pieces at the same time we say we Nrmm Mkabrna. There are pieces of stolen, and I asked the Michael Carlos Museum in Atlanta, Georgia, the U.S. was terrifying to us a number of effects.

* Although this is still stealing from the effects in Egypt and were being smuggled into the outside?

We are now organizing our house. Police Thrsena but I have to guard that .. How can this be? We manage the name «the General Administration of guard» in the Antiquities Authority and the Director of each region is to become completely in charge of security. We remove the subject Abu rod guard and we are using the security monitors, give them £ 8 per day, and make it work just 6 hours. Qualified person. And stores as well. We started to build a warehouse Tvia twentieth the level of all Egypt. Stores on the high level can accommodate all existing effects. A restoration .. Electronic imaging there, underdevelopment (who was present) will end. After 6 or 9 months, will complete the picture, because the armed forces adopted a national task. Besides, ten people were sent on missions abroad in order to study longer qualified to do something which the country.

* How do you deal with the gangs, which holds the excavation work to capture the effects?

We started a national campaign to register the effects of Egypt for 3 years, as well as the mapping of each archaeological sites in Egypt.

* How many recorded effects?

About 60% of our monuments is registered.

* Some statements that place does not publish reports about we do not know anything about it?

Our two things: «de Inal Service» (Bulletin of the Egyptian Antiquities) all the excavations are published in English and Arabic, then we assume the prospector in the foreign publication of the report in English and Arabic for its disclosures. The first volume in Arabic will be published next week (week before last).

* When did you arrive to the point that assure the safety of the effects of Egypt?

Not less than 10 years.

* Do not you think that the time has come to become the ancient Egyptian history, a key article in the Egyptian schools?

Of course this is very important, but this is a problem of education. Our fault that we do not all work as a team, unfortunately.

* It is known that the majority of the effects of the world are in Egypt, which increases the responsibility of the body which supervises them and which employs about 30 thousand employees. What do you think is advocated by some archaeologists of the need to make the Antiquities Authority and the Ministry of specialized independent of the Ministry of Culture?

I do not want to bother myself Ministry, as minister of culture Farouk Hosni, Minister of the authorities give me .. But of course no doubt in the future when we have become a ministry of the effects of this will be a great thing.

* The secret room

Q: What about the Great Pyramid and the secret room anonymous? What is the secret of distrusting the existence of a secret room despite the failure of previous experience in the disclosure?

Door handles his first of copper, into the slot in the South found the experience at the door of a second at a distance of 21 cm behind it. Pope III and found in the northern two handles of copper, (as well as about 60 centimeters) and found that this aperture North meandering and not straight. What is the function Mqda copper? These handles are made to fill the room and closed the place, decided to work for this experiment in September or October (October), and will be concluded to climb the pyramid from the outside of the distance by which the slot. If we found the corridor is open to the outside of these doors are symbolic (ie, the absence of a secret room behind it). However, I think the doors and behind the king's burial chamber of Cheops, hidden there.

* Do you expect that after testing found the mummy of Khufu in the secret room after about 5 thousand years of burial of the king?

Is highly likely, and this is the first time where I say these words. Research expire after two years and we have been able to choose the appropriate technology to detect the secret. There are papyrus from the Middle Kingdom, known as «Cheops Papyrus and sorcerers». This papyrus with a very important point has not anyone noticed significant. When I came Cheops magician called «serious» and asked him about the secret «Thoth» god of wisdom he wanted to know the sacrament before the construction of the pyramid. The second room, which they call King room there is no evidence on their use for burial .. This room camouflage room, and I think that the burial chamber of Cheops behind the doors blocked.

Menkaure

King Menkaure is represented in the company of the goddess Hathor and a woman who embodies the province or territory of the regions of Egypt, this model represents the young king in place a solid structure of the crown of Upper and white false beard and kilt and to his right Hathor hemmed her arm left crowned sun disc between the horns of the cow and stuck in Amnaha mark "launched" the code protection and on his left stands a woman embodies the county level, the seventeenth, "Asyut" battery code above her head jackal.

Bent Pyramid

(Sneferu) is one of the pyramids of Egypt. Named after the King of Pharaonic Bent, Allve was the first true pyramid built with new technology in the town of Meidum, was the father of Cheops. It was an 8 layers. But after working 14 years in which the relocation of its rudder Pyramid Dahshur north to the town for some reason the new pyramid was built of stone in the form of oblique angles to the ground every angle of 60 degrees. And slash within its walls. As the ceremony began to dive because of construction loads and angles of stone. To remedy this problem, the Bannaan put walls made supportive Zaah tilt 55 degrees to the building, which is not yet complete. Then completed the construction of curved angle of 43 degrees, making it the so-called pyramid curved (Bent Pyramid). In this building the pyramids Omichva channels through the development of horizontal floors of stone. Each layer is topped by a square of stones in the lower layer of the space instead of building through the oblique angle of the stones 55 or 43 degrees as it was curved in the pyramid. This new technology has made Bent build a giant pyramid called the Pyramid North (North Pyramid) after the 1.6 km north of Dahshur pyramid curved. Based on the technology for building the North Bent Pyramid was built the Pyramids in Giza.

Saqqara

The Pyramid of Saqqara the oldest pyramids in Egypt, particularly by King Zoser, or (prose Khatt) is called the pyramid of Djoser pyramid, the runway and Zllk because it gradually composed of 6 terraces; graves were in the era of the First Dynasty and the second consists of Massatabh big one especially for the King and followed some of the terraces sub of queens and princesses have happened evolve with the beginning of the Third Dynasty during the reign of its founder Almellk Zoser, where he was to have some of the most proficient staff, including Engineer Aamouhtb and who wanted to show the extent of glorifying the king Zoser, the extent of own him think about the establishment of a cemetery is a traditional King Djoser to the Ahidh thinking the idea Generation Pyramid Almadrkj and Zllk by placing 6 terraces gradually over some of what if six terraces and whether it has to do with religion or so we do not it's completely different because it has to do with fashion architecture when thinking Aamouhtb in praise Almellk thought that if the situation is less than 6 terraces could come Malak another and add to it and if I audited the review note that the 6 terraces can not increase it, because if the increase took place would collapse the pyramid in full; and can say that the pyramid of Djoser is a turning point in the architecture and building the pyramids, where were the use of new materials in construction such as limestone has been suggested the Zoser in one of the inscriptions from the era of the family of 19 who was found in the south of Saqqara out that it light stone which means that he discovered the art of architecture of stone and visit the Saqqara area find pyramid part of the Djoser funerary where consists Tllk group: 1) Ditch the Great 2) perimeter fence 3) lobby columns front 4) Pyramid 5) yard South 6) Cemetery South 7) temple (T) 8) group rejoicing the (dam) 9) House of the south and the house of the North 10) mortuary temple 11) room basement 12) Western Hills These are the parts that The group .consists of private funerary Em Zoser bridge or prose

Information on the effects of Egypt

Months, the effects of Pharaonic Egypt, beautiful effects of Pharaonic Egypt,
Ancient Egypt Photo Effects

Abu Simbel

Abu Simbel (Abu simbul) is an archaeological site has a stomach of the mountain south of Aswan. It consists of two large temples carved in the rock. Was built by King Ramses II in 1250 BC. M. Interface and the temple consists of four large statues. Represents the King, up 67 (20 meters) ahead and a door leading to rooms 180 feet long. There are six statues at the entrance of the temple the other four to Ramses II and two of his wife Nefertari.
Rescue project temples of Abu Simbel from drowning

These effects were due to be threatened with drowning of Lake Nasser behind the Aswan High Dam. Egyptian Government has been in cooperation with UNESCO in 1965 to transfer to the temple nearby with a high level of the reach of the waters of Lake Nasser. The project included the temple to cut large stones weighing 1-2 tonnes and then lifted and assembled in the new place.

Information on the features of Egypt's tourist

I will start displaying information and pictures of our beloved Egypt and the parts will be a
Egypt is located as shown in the following geographical.



Egypt is one of the most prominent tourist attractions in the world because of its many tourist treasures of the faces, the most important cultural tourism, where lie the ancient civilizations of the eye, and speaks to what it was that the nations that built civilizations since the dawn of history.
Next to the ancient cultural tourism product, the accumulation of these civilizations tender stockpiled in a unique human heritage reflected in the lives of the Egyptians, rich and diverse patterns of distinct natures, behaviors and habits of the man made the same point of the Egyptian tourist attraction alone.
Did not hold back nature of Egypt Bataúha was given by God Almighty exclusive in nature, enticing eyes and hearts, not only the beauty and magic as soon as the Nile and the pot forever settle it, but spread the beauty of Egypt to decorate Ssahelaha on the Mediterranean and the Red and dive deep into their level and spreads in the desert and made it all the title months .. Egypt genius of the place, Egypt is well known .. In history are the months .. Pharaonic, Greek, Romanian, Arab, Islamic, and in philanthropy.

And we will review with you some general information about our dear Egypt
Egypt is located between latitudes Width 22 and 31.5 north of the equator and between longitudes 25 and 37 ° east of Greenwich which occupies the northeast corner of the continent of Africa and in the heart of the Arab world between the wings of Asia and Africa and is bordered by Libya to the west and Sudan in the south, Palestine and the Mediterranean Sea from the north and the Red Sea from the east . And topography of Egypt consist of four
Sections:
The first agricultural land and the River Nile, the most important natural features of Egypt, mentioned here because Herodotus «Egypt gift of the Nile», the longest river in the world and of «6690» km, Delta takes the form of a triangle head in the south, where the branches the Nile to the branches: Damietta and Rosetta, east and west which have a delta fertility soil.
The second part is the Western Sahara, stretching from the Nile Valley and Delta to the Libyan border in the west to the borders of Sudan from the south and an area of ​​68 percent of Egypt's area.
Section III and the Eastern Desert «east of the Nile» to the Red Sea and an area of ​​22% of the area of ​​Egypt.
Section IV the Sinai Peninsula, an area of ​​6% of the area of ​​Egypt.

Egypt has a temperate climate prevails in total almost half of the northern climate prevailing in The Mediterranean basin variable depending on the four seasons in the Western Sahara dry weather prevails not exceed ten percent humidity. And be hot and dry summers and cool rainy winters.


Guenahasuez
The most important sea lanes in the world, linking the Mediterranean and the Alahmrltakhtsr ancient trade route around the Cape of Good Hope mile 184 km Hverhaam started 1858 and opened in 1869 and for Egypt fought three wars 1956, 1967.1973

As for the historically history attests that she is a foster


Egypt's history lies in the cultural monuments and archaeological remains and a list of chapters of its history since Troy Alahadalfrona I and museum collections of Egyptian, which records the many precise details about the life of nations and peoples that lived in the Nile Valley for about seven thousand years and even Asrnahma.
Perhaps it can be said that the history of Egypt is different about the history of many countries that record the history according to the succession of political regimes that ruled in the recorded history of Egypt and the successive civilizations left behind after the demise of the legacy received by the back adds to it.





And history of Egypt overlap the novel with the archaeological, historical, religious novel. Between the story of Pharaonic old and came in the holy books of the stories of the prophets customers who have crossed Egypt and lived there and their relations with its people Copts down to the beginning of history the Arab-Muslim which is the launch of the actual modern Egypt, when he took the conqueror Amr Ibn El-Aas from Cairo, Fustat, the capital of the mandate.



We have recorded the novel religious history of Egypt but in the direction inspired by the lessons and sermons, and instilled the values ​​of uniformity and the truth and justice and the call to worship one God and with the beginning of Arab rule the Muslim began writing the history of Egypt takes the features of documentation and arrangement and detail frequently for narrators and recording in the books first.


And Egypt received on documented evidence of any more sensual Bldakhr Vnicoh Pharaohs and the hieroglyphic language decoded Hambilion together with books of narrators of Arabs and Muslims with the novel that came in the religious scriptures and access to recordings of the narrators, travelers and explorers and the Western Orientalists.


And Musrtv not bounded by space and time, the evidence and features of Troy civilizations and stories of Copts and the Pharaohs and of the Holy Family, Greece, Romans, Arabs and Muslims who have settled in nearly 15 century where and approved the Arab identity of the Islamic roots of civilization multiple, and the effects of the hallmarks of the invaders who have dared to hope and crossed and left of the French and Angelazogerhm.


Civilization can be recognized that the state of modern Egypt was established with the beginning of the family of Mohammed Ali the Great, who came from Albania and the Ottoman ruler walks Nhawwalastqlal mandate and laid the foundations of a modern renaissance of European civilization and looked forward to the young and the carrier by the systems and methods and manifestations. The continued provision of this family that the Egyptians took the reins of their country in the July 23, 1952 ushered in an era of the Republic to take over Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser the leadership helm directed towards asserting its bond and the Arab-Islamic identity and its leading role in the Arab region until the present time.


During the reign of Muhammad Ali, Egypt witnessed two waves coming from the colonial powers of Europe: the first is the French expedition led by Napoleon in 1798 and left on the cultural effects of Egyptian society, and the second is the British occupation in 1882 and continued until Gelaúh ​​after the revolution of July 1952.

We will start now and I hope that you will be tuned what we have written
Review of the most important tourist cities in repeated his.

Ancient Egypt - Dynasty 4

Ancient Egypt - Dynasty 4

The Fourth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt is called (the golden age).from 2613 to 2494 BC, 115 years. The capital at fourth dynasty time was Memphis. Fourth Dynasty is the height of Egyptian civilization ever, the family which has built the Pyramids of Giza, the most famous buildings in world history forever. Egypt was able to accomplish the ambitious feat of the Giza pyramids because there had been a long period of peace and no threats of invasion.

Giza Pyramids

The kings of third dynasty:

Sneferu
Khufu
Djedefre
Khafre
Menkaure
Shepseskaf

Palermo Stone Petrie Museum

Sneferu

Sneferu

Sneferu ruled Egypt of 2613 BC to 2589. He was the founder of the Fourth Dynasty in Egypt. He is the first king of the construction of the pyramid is real. Three famous pyramids associated with the name of King Senefru (Meidum Pyramid, Red Pyramid and Bent pyramids at Dahshur).This pyramids that survive to this day.

King Sneferu

Meidum Pyramid

Meidum Pyramid (this pyramid was possibly started by his predecessor Huni).

Meidum Pyramid

Meidum Pyramid (Google Earth)

Red Pyramid

Red Pyramid takes this name from the red limestone. Pyramid height 104m, base 220 m.

Red Pyramid

Red Pyramid

Red Pyramid

Red Pyramid (Google Earth)

The Bent Pyramid

The Bent Pyramid this pyramid built by Sneferu, height 101 m, base 188 m.

Bent Pyramid

Bent Pyramid 

Bent Pyramid

Bent Pyramid

Bent Pyramid (Google Earth)

Khufu

Khufu

Khufu was the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt's (Old Kingdom). He ruled from around 2589 to 2566 B.C. 23 years. Generally Khufu was accepted as being the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Khufu's full name was (Khnum-Khufu) by the meaning (the god Khnum protects me).The history remembers Khufu, the Great Pyramid of Giza as a testament to his tremendous ability to coordinate hundreds of workers towards one purpose. It is through this fantastic architectural marvel that Khufu will be remembered as one of many famous Egyptian pharaohs.

King Khufu Egyptian museum

King Khufu Egyptian museum

King Khufu Egyptian museum

Great Pyramid

Great Pyramid is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one still intact. Height 146m, long on each side 240m, and consists of 2,300,000 blocks of stone, each averaging 2 1/2 tons in weight. Great Pyramid was the tallest structure in the world for over 3,800 years.

Great Pyramid

Great Pyramid

Great Pyramid (Google Earth)

From the book Guide to the Pyramids of Egypt, by Alberto Siliotti, with preface by Zahi Hawass
The American University in Cairo Press
113 Kasr el Aini Street
Cairo Egypt
ISBN 977-424-446-X

Khufu's Solar Boat

Khufu's Solar Boat, it was built to carry a Pharaoh across the Nile. Now it rests in a solar boat museum beside Khufu pyramid. The boat measured 43.6m long by 5.9m wide; and it is around 45 tons.

Solar Boat

Solar Boat

Solar Boat in Stamp

Solar Boat (Google Earth)

Solar Boat Museum

Solar Boat Museum (Google Earth)

Djedefre

Djedefre was the son and successor of Khufu. He ruled Egypt from 2528 BC, to 2520 BC. (8 years). His name meaning (enduring like Re). He built his pyramid at Abu-Rawash (8 kilometers north of Giza); the pyramid includes a statue of his wife in the form of a sphinx. The solar cult grew in power during his reign. His royal cemetery near of his pyramid and include about 50 mastaba tombs.

Djedefre - Louvre Museum

The pyramid of Djedefre

The pyramid of Djedefre 
Djedefre, built his pyramid here 8km north of Giza near of Abu Rawash. The pyramid itself has a massive 49m channel cut into the bedrock to a 20m deep shaft.

Djedefre Pyramid

Djedefre Pyramid

Djedefre Pyramid

Djedefre Pyramid (Google Earth)

Khafre

Khafre

Khafra (Egyptian pharaoh of the Fourth dynasty) his name means (Appearing like Re), his reign between 2558 BC to 2532 BC, 26 years. Khafre was son of King Khufu, his capital at Memphis.  We know little about his reign. But his pyramid at Giza the second largest known pyramid in Egypt is enough.

King Khafre Egyptian Museum - Cairo

The Pyramid of Khafre

The Pyramid of Khafre is beside the Great Pyramid of Khufu. Height 136 meters, base 215 meters and the weight of stones about 4,880,000 tons.

Khafre's Pyramid

Khafre's Pyramid (Google Earth)

The Great Sphinx

The Great Sphinx of Giza is the largest statue in the world and the oldest known statue in the world (mythical creature with a lion's body and a human head). Length is 74 meters; width is 6 meters, height is 21 meters, built by King Khafre.

Great Sphinx

Great Sphinx

Great Sphinx

Great Sphinx

Great Sphinx

Great Sphinx (Google Earth)

Menkaure

Menkaure

His name mean (Eternal like the Souls of Re), ruling from 2532 B.C to 2503 B.C,(29 years). He was the son of King Khafre, and he married his sister Khamerernebti 2. His pyramid is the smallest pyramids at Giza.

Menkaure and Queen

Menkaure's Pyramid

Menkaure's Pyramid at Giza is the smallest Pyramids of Giza. It was built to be the tomb of the Pharaoh Menkaure. Height is 67 meters. Length is 61 meters. Base is 108 meters.

Menkaure Pyramid

Menkaure Pyramid

Menkaure Pyramid

Menkaure Pyramid

Menkaure Pyramid

Menkaure Pyramid (Google Earth)

Queens Pyramids

Queens Pyramids (three small pyramids near Menkaure's pyramid) (Queen Hetepheres,Queen Meritites and Queen Henutsen).

Queens Pyramids

Queens Pyramids (Google Earth)